Publications
2026
- Bothe, R., Isbaner, S., Venkatesan, S. & Mani, N. (2026). Maternal information sampling targets children's knowledge gaps. Acta Psychologica, 24, 106496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106496.
- Bothe, R., Isbaner, S., Venkatesan, S., Chen, X., Gail, A., Kagan, I., ... Mani, N. (2026). Little scientists & social apprentices: Active word learning in dynamic social contexts using a transparent dyadic interaction platform. Social Development, 35(1), e70046. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.70046.
- Laudanska, Z., van der Venne, P., Preis, H., Sachse, S., Schaaf, C., Borjon, J., ... Marschik, P. (2026). Communicative Development Inventories (CDIs) in etiologically diverse developmental conditions: A systematic review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 170, 105256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2026.105256.
- Madhavan, R., Sia, M.-Y., Chen, X., Mundry, R. & Mani, N. (2026). Egocentricity in infants’ play with familiar objects in caregiver-child interactions. Royal Society Open Science, 13(2), 250852. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.250852.
2025
- Eiteljoerge, S., Outters, V., Schildknecht, J. & Mani, N. (2025). I learn what I like: children’s preferences but not maternal IDS influence word learning from IDS and ADS. Language Learning and Development. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15475441.2025.2456253.
- Eiteljoerge, S., Matzerath, A., Gweon, H. & Mani, N. (2025). Infants follow the gaze of same-age peers, young children, and adults. Social Development, 34(1), e12786. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12786.
- Kalinowski, J., Stich, F. & Mani, N. (2025). Modeling the impact of phonological and semantic connectivity on early vocabulary growth. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL). 1-6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICDL63968.2025.11204414.
- Kalinowski, J., Hansel, L., Vystrcilova, M., Ecker, A. & Mani, N. (2025). The development of early phonological networks: An analysis of individual longitudinal vocabulary growth. Cognitive Science, 49(9), e70109. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70109.
- Madhavan, R. & Mani, N. (2025). Children’s individual interests are sustained across development and predict later vocabulary development. Journal of Child Language. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305000925100378.
- Mani, N. (2025). Timescales of Rational Inattention. Developmental Science, 28(1), e13571. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13571.
- Sia, M., Mundry, R. & Mani, N. (2025). Children Show Improved Learning of Information Sampled in their Preferred Manner. 2025 IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL). 1-6. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICDL63968.2025.11204393.
- Sivridag, F. & Mani, N. (2025). Children’s cortical speech tracking in child-adult and child-robot interactions. Developmental Psychology. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0002086.
- Sivridag, F., Schürholz, J., Hoehl, S. & Mani, N. (2025). Children’s cortical speech tracking in face-to-face and online video communication. Scientific Reports, 15, 20134. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04778-8.
- Trouillet, L., Bothe, R., Mani, N. & Elsner, B. (2025). Goal saliency and verbal information influence the imitation of movements and goals in 20-to 22-month-old toddlers. Infant Behavior and Development, 79, 102063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2025.102063.
- Zimmer, L., Sodian, B., Mani, N., Grosso, S., Kristen-Antonow, S., Schuwerk, T., ... Schuwerk, T. (2025). Two- to three-year-old toddlers differentiate the epistemic verbs 'know' and 'think' in a preferential looking eye-tracking paradigm. Developmental Psychology. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/dev0001933.
2024
- Ackermann, L., Förster, M., Schaardschmidt, J., Hepach, R., Mani, N., Eiteljörge, S., ... Eiteljörge, S. (2024). The role of interest in young children’s retention of words. Infant and Child Development, 33, e2466. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2466.
- Bothe, R., Trouillet, L., Elsner, B. & Mani, N. (2024). Words and arbitrary actions in early object categorization: weak evidence for a word advantage. Royal Society Open Science, 11(2), 230648. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.230648.
- Bothe, R., Eiteljörge, S., Trouillet, L., Elsner, B. & Mani, N. (2024). Better in sync: Temporal dynamics explain multisensory word-action-object learning in early development. Infancy. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12590.
- Eiteljoerge, S., Elsner, B. & Mani, N. (2024). Word-object and action-object learning in a unimodal context during early childhood. Language and Cognition. https://doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2024.7.
- Lo, C.-H., Hermes, J., Kartushina, N., Mayor, J. & Mani, N. (2024). e-Babylab: An open-source browser-based tool for unmoderated online developmental studies. Behaviour Research Methods, 56(5), 4530-4552. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02200-7.
- Madhavan, R. & Mani, N. (2024). The quality of caregiver-child interaction is predicted by (caregivers’ perception of) their child’s interests. Royal Society Open Science, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231677.
- Madhavan, R., Malem, B., Ackermann, L., Mundry, R. & Mani, N. (2024). An examination of measures of young children’s interest in natural object categories. Cortex. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2024.02.015.
- Schmid, B., Bleijlevens, N., Mani, N. & Behne, T. (2024). The cognitive underpinnings and early development of children's selective trust. Child Development. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.14073.
- Schreiner, M., Zetterson, M., Bergmann, C., Frank, M., Fritzsche, T., Gonzalez-Gomez, N., ... Lippold, M. (2024). Limited evidence of test‐retest reliability in infant‐directed speech preference in a large preregistered infant experiment. Developmental Science, e13551. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.13551.
- Sia, M., Mather, E., Crocker, M. W. & Mani, N. (2024). The role of systematicity in early referent selection. Developmental Science, 27(2), e13444. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13444.
- Sivridag, F. & Mani, N. (2024). Children’s word learning from socially contingent robots under active vs. passive learning conditions. HRI '24: Proceedings of the 2024 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction. 669–677. https://doi.org/10.1145/3610977.3634931.
- Trouillet, L., Bothe, R., Mani, N. & Elsner, B. (2024). Investigating the role of verbal cues on learning of tool-use actions in 18- and 24-month-olds in an online looking time experiment. Frontiers in Developmental Psychology, 2(1411276). https://doi.org/10.3389/fdpys.2024.1411276.
- Trouillet, L., Bothe, R., Mani, N. & Elsner, B. (2024). The impact of goal saliency and verbal information on selective imitation in 16- to 18-month-olds. Infancy, 29(5), 713-728. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/infa.12601.
- de Eccher, M., Mundry, R. & Mani, N. (2024). Children’s subjective uncertainty-driven sampling behaviour. Royal Society Open Science, 11(4), 231283. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231283.
2023
- Outters, V., Hepach, R., Behne, T. & Mani, N. (2023). Children's affective involvement in early word learning. Scientific Reports, 13, 7351. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34049-3.
- Sommerfield, L., Staudte, M., Mani, N. & Kray, J. (2023). Even Young Children Make Multiple Predictions in the Complex Visual World. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 235(105690). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105690.
- Wienholz, A., Nuhbalaoglu-Ayan, D., Mani, N., Hermann, A., Onea, E., Steinbach, M., ... Steinbach, M. (2023). Neurophysiological evidence for the first mention effect during pronominal reference resolution in German Sign Language. Sign Language and Linguistics. https://doi.org/10.1075/sll.22006.wie.
2022
- Arias-Trejo, N., Q Angulo-Chavira, A., Avila-Varela, D., Chua-Rodriguez, F. & Mani, N. (2022). Developmental changes in phonological and semantic priming effects in Spanish-speaking toddlers. Developmental Psychology, 58(2), 236. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0001290.
- Bergmann, C., Dimitrova, N., Alaslani, K., Keller, C. & Mani, N. (2022). Young children's screen time during the first COVID-19 lockdown in 12 countries. Scientific Reports, 12(2015). https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05840-5.
- Kartushina, N., Mani, N., Atkin-Erciyes, A., Keller, C., ..., .., Mayor, J., ... Mayor, J. (2022). COVID-19 first lockdown as a window into language acquisition: associations between caregiver-child activities and vocabulary gains. Language Development Research, 2(1), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.34842/abym-xv34.
- Vergilova, Y., Jachmann, T., Mani, N. & Kray, J. (2022). Age-related Differences in Expectation-based Novel Word Learning. Psychophysiology, 59(8), e14030. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.14030.
2021
- Avila Varela, D., Arias-Trejo, N. & Mani, N. (2021). A longitudinal study of the role of vocabulary size on priming effects in early childhood. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 205, 105071.
- Byers-Heinlein, K., Tsui, A., ..., .., Mani, N., ..., .., Schreiner, M., ... Wermelinger, S. (2021). A multi-lab study of bilingual infants: Exploring the preference for infant-directed speech. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245920974622.
- Mani, N., Schreiner, M., Brase, J., Köhler, K., Strassen, K., Postin, D., ... Schultze, T. (2021). Sequential Bayes Factor designs in developmental research: studies on early word learning. Developmental Science, 24(4), e13097. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13097.
- Panizza, D., Onea, E. & Mani, N. (2021). Early ERP evidence for children's and adults' sensitivity to scalar implicatures triggered by existential quantifiers (some). Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 657408. https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.657408.
- Wienholz, A., Nuhbalaoglu, D., Steinbach, M., Hermann, A. & Mani, N. (2021). Phonological priming in German Sign Language: An eye tracking study using the Visual World Paradigm. Sign Language and Linguistics, 24, 4-35. https://doi.org/10.1075/sll.19011.wie.
2020
- Ackermann, L., Lo, C.-H., Mani, N. & Mayor, J. (2020). Word learning from a tablet app: Toddlers perform better in a passive context. PLOS One, 15(12), e0240519. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.024.
- Ackermann, L., Hepach, R. & Mani, N. (2020). Children learn words easier when they are interested in the category to which the word belongs. Developmental Science, 23(3), e12915. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12915.
- Bobb, S., Von Holzen, K., Mayor, J., Mani, N. & Carreiras, M. (2020). Co-activation of the L2 during L1 auditory processing: An ERP cross-modal priming study. Brain and Language, 203, 104739. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2019.104.
- Hosemann, J., Mani, N., Hermann, A., Steinbach, M. & Altvater-Mackensen, N. (2020). Signs Activate their Written Word Translation. An ERP Study on Cross-modal Co-activation in German Sign Language. Glossa. http://doi.org/10.5334/gjgl.1014.
- ManyBabies Consortium (2020). Quantifying sources of variability in infancy research using the infant-directed speech preference. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 3(1), 24-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245919900809.
- Outters, V., Schreiner, M., Behne, T. & Mani, N. (2020). Maternal input and infants’ response to infant-directed speech. Infancy, 25(4), 478-499. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12334.
- Richter, M., Paul, M., Höhle, B. & Wartenburger, I. (2020). Common Ground Information Affects Reference Resolution: Evidence From Behavioral Data, ERPs, and Eye-Tracking. Frontiers in psychology, 11(3378). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.56565.
- Schütte, F., Mani, N. & Behne, T. (2020). Retrospective inferences in selective trust. Royal Society Open Science, 7(2), 1-11. https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191451.
- Taxitari, L., Twomey, K., Westermann, G. & Mani, N. (2020). The limits of early word learning. Language Learning and Development, 16(1), 1-21. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15475441.2019.1670184.
2019
- Eiteljörge, S., Adam, M., Elsner, B. & Mani, N. (2019). Consistency of co-occurring actions influences young children's word learning. Royal Society Open Science, 6, 190097. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190097.
- Eiteljörge, S., Adam, M., Elsner, B. & Mani, N. (2019). Word-object and action-object association learning across early development. PLOS One, 14(8), e0220317. https://doi.org/ 10.1371/journal.pone.02.
- Lang, S., Bartl-Pokorny, K., Pokorny, F., Garrido, D., Mani, N., Fox-Boyer, A., ... Marschik, P. (2019). Canonical Babbling: A marker for earlier identification of late detected developmental disorders. Current Developmental Disorders Reports. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1007/s40474-019-00166-w.
- Mayor, J. & Mani, N. (2019). A short version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories with high validity. Behavior Research Methods, 51(5), 2248-2255. https://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-018-1146-0.
- Von Holzen, K., Fenell, C. & Mani, N. (2019). The impact of cross-language phonological overlap on bilingual and monolingual toddlers’ word recognition. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition. 1-24. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728918000597, ISSN: 1366-7289.
2018
- Eiteljörge, S., Pouscoulous, N. & Lieven, E. (2018). Some pieces are missing: Implicature production in children. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 1928.
- Kohlstedt, T. & Mani, N. (2018). The influence of increasing discourse context on L1 and L2 spoken language processing. Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 21(1), 121-136. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1366728916001139, ISSN: 1366-7289.
- Mani, N. & Ackermann, L. (2018). Why do children learn the words they do?. Child Development Perspectives, 12(4), 253-257. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12295, ISSN: 1750-8592.
- Wienholz, A., Derya, N., Mani, N., Hermman, A., Onea, E., Steinbach, M., ... Steinbach, M. (2018). Pointing to the right side? An ERP study on anaphora resolution in German sign language. PLOS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.020.
2017
- Brase, J. & Mani, N. (2017). Effects of learning context on the acquisition and processing of emotional words in bilinguals. Emotion, 17(4), 628-639. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0000263, ISSN: 1528-3542.
- Mani, N. & Borovsky, A. (2017). Building a lexical network. In Westermann, Gert and Mani, Nivedita, (5, pp. 57-69). : Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. ISBN: 978-1-138-84351-6.
- Schreiner, M. & Mani, N. (2017). Listen up! Developmental differences in the impact of IDS on speech segmentation. Cognition, 160, 98-102. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2, ISSN: 0010-0277.
- Westermann, G. & Mani, N. (2017). Early word learning. ISBN: 978-1-138-84351-6.
2016
- Altvater-Mackensen, N., Mani, N. & Grossmann, T. (2016). Audiovisual speech perception in infancy: The influence of vowel identity and infants’ productive abilities on sensitivity to (mis)matches between auditory and visual speech cues. Developmental Psychology, 52(2), 191-204. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0039964, ISSN: 0012-1649.
- Bobb, S., Nauck, L., Altvater-Mackensen, N., Von Holzen, K. & Mani, N. (2016). Listening with Your Cohort: Do Bilingual Toddlers Co-Activate Cohorts from Both Languages When Hearing Words in One Language Alone?. In John W. Schwieter, (2, pp. 47-70). : John Benjamins Publishing Company. ISBN: 978-90-272-4372-0.
- Bobb, S., Huettig, F. & Mani, N. (2016). Predicting visual information during sentence processing: Toddlers activate an object’s shape before it is mentioned. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 151, 51-64. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2015.11.002, ISSN: 0022-0965.
- Daum, M., Mani, N. & Gampe, A. (2016). Special Issue on the 'Interrelations between non-linguistic and linguistic representations of cognition and action in development'. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 151, 1-4. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2016.06.002, ISSN: 0022-0965.
- Huettig, F. & Mani, N. (2016). Is prediction necessary to understand language? Probably not. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 31(1), 19-31. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23273798.2015.1072223, ISSN: 2327-3798.
- Kriukova, O. & Mani, N. (2016). The strong, the weak, and the first: The impact of phonological stress on processing of orthographic errors in silent reading. Brain Research, 1636, 208-218. ISSN: 0006-8993.
- Kriukova, O. & Mani, N. (2016). Processing metrical information in silent reading: An ERP study. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 1432--1432. ISSN: 1664-1078.
- Mani, N. & Pätzold, W. (2016). Sixteen-month-old infants’ segment words from infant- and adult-directed speech. Language Learning and Development, 12(4), 499-508. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15475441.2016.1171717, ISSN: 1547-5441.
- Mani, N., Daum, M. & Huettig, F. (2016). “Proactive” in many ways: Developmental evidence for a dynamic pluralistic approach to prediction. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 69(11), 2189-2201. ISSN: 17470218.
- Schreiner, M., Altvater-Mackensen, N. & Mani, N. (2016). Early word segmentation in naturalistic environments: Limited effects of speech register. Infancy, 21(5), 625-647. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/infa.12133, ISSN: 1525-0008.
- Steinbach, M., Mani, N. & Schlesewsky, M. (2016). Gestörte und ungestörte Verarbeitung von Gebärdensprachen. In U. Domahs & B Primus, (). : De Gruyter Mouton.
2015
- Altvater-Mackensen, N. & Mani, N. (2015). Phonological features mediate object-label retrieval and word recognition in the visual world paradigm. In Mishra, Ramesh Kumar and Srinivasan, Narayanan and Huettig, Falk, (2, pp. 23-38). : Springer India. ISBN: 978-81-322-2442-6.
- Huettig, F. & Mani, N. (2015). Is prediction necessary to understand language? Probably not. Language Cognition and Neuroscience, 31, 19-31. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1080/23273798.2015.1072223.
2014
- Mani, N. & Huettig, F. (2014). Word reading skill predicts anticipation of upcoming spoken language input: A study of children developing proficiency in reading. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 126, 264-279. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2014.05.004, ISSN: 0022-0965.
- Von Holzen, K. & Mani, N. (2014). Bilinguals implicitly name objects in both their languages: An ERP study. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1415-1415. ISSN: 1664-1078.
2013
- Altvater-Mackensen, N. & Mani, N. (2013). Word‐form familiarity bootstraps infant speech segmentation. Developmental Science, 16(6), 980-990. ISSN: 1363-755X, https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/desc.12071.
- Altvater-Mackensen, N. & Mani, N. (2013). The impact of mispronunciations on toddler word recognition: Evidence for cascaded activation of semantically related words from mispronunciations of familiar words. Infancy, 18(6), 1030-1052. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/infa.12022, ISSN: 1525-0008.
- Bobb, S. & Mani, N. (2013). Categorizing with gender: Does implicit grammatical gender affect semantic processing in 24-month-old toddlers?. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 115(2), 297-308. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2013.02.006, ISSN: 0022-0965.
- Mani, N. & Schneider, S. (2013). Speaker Identity Supports Phonetic Category Learning. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance, 39(3), 623-629. ISSN: 00961523.
- Mani, N., Johnson, E., McQueen, J. & Huettig, F. (2013). How yellow is your banana? Toddlers' language-mediated visual search in referent-present tasks. Developmental Psychology, 49(6), 1036-1044. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029382, ISSN: 0012-1649.
- Mani, N. & Huettig, F. (2013). Towards a complete multiple-mechanism account of predictive language processing: Commentary on Pickering & Garrod. . Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36, 265-266.
- Skoruppa, K., Mani, N., Plunkett, K., Cabrol, D. & Peperkamp, S. (2013). Early word recognition in sentence context: French and English 24-month-olds' sensitivity to sentence-medial mispronunciations and assimilations. Infancy, 18(6), 1007-1029. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/infa.12020, ISSN: 1525-0008.
- Skoruppa, K., Mani, N. & Peperkamp, S. (2013). Toddlers' processing of phonological alternations: Early compensation for assimilation in English and French. Child Development, 84(1), 313-330. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2012.01845.x, ISSN: 0009-3920.
2012
- Holzen, K. & Mani, N. (2012). Language Nonselective Lexical Access in Bilingual Toddlers. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 113(4), 569-586. ISSN: 0022-0965.
- Mani, N., Mills, D. & Plunkett, K. (2012). Vowels in early words: An event‐related potential study. Developmental Science, 15(1), 2-11. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01092.x, ISSN: 1363-755X.
- Mani, N. & Huettig, F. (2012). Prediction During Language Processing is a Piece of Cake - But Only for Skilled Producers. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance, 38(4), 843-847. ISSN: 00961523.
- Mani, N., Durrant, S. & Floccia, C. (2012). Activation of phonological and semantic codes in toddlers. Journal of Memory and Language, 66(4), 612-622. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2012.03.003, ISSN: 0749-596X.
2011
- Braun, B., Lemhöfer, K. & Mani, N. (2011). Perceiving Unstressed Vowels in Foreign-Accented English. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 129(1), 376-387. ISSN: 0001-4966, https://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3500688.
- Mani, N. & Plunkett, K. (2011). Phonological priming and cohort effects in toddlers. Cognition, 121(2), 196-206. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2011.06.013, ISSN: 0010-0277.
- Mani, N. & Plunkett, K. (2011). Does size matter? Subsegmental cues to vowel mispronunciation detection. Journal of Child Language, 38(3), 606-627. https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0305000910000243, ISSN: 0305-0009.
- Mani, N. (2011). Phonological Acquisition. In Kula, Nancy C. and Botma, Bert and Nasukawa, Kuniya, (10, pp. 278-297). : Continuum. ISBN: 978-0-8264-3423-4.
2010
- Mani, N. & Plunkett, K. (2010). Twelve-month-olds know their cups from their keps and tups. Infancy, 15(5), 445-470. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7078.2009.00027.x, ISSN: 1525-0008.
- Mani, N. & Plunkett, K. (2010). In the Infant's Mind's Ear: Evidence for Implicit Naming in 18-Month-Olds. Psychological Science (0956-7976), 21(7), 908-913. ISSN: 09567976.
2008
- Mani, N. & Plunkett, K. (2008). Fourteen-month-olds pay attention to vowels in novel words. Developmental Science, 11(1), 53-59. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00645.x, ISSN: 1363-755X.
- Mani, N., Coleman, J. & Plunkett, K. (2008). Phonological specificity of vowel contrasts at 18-months. Language and Speech, 51(1-2), 3-21. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00238309080510010201, ISSN: 0023-8309.