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Noise in the operating room (OR) is a stressor with far-reaching negative consequences. The Silent Operating Theatre Optimisation System (SOTOS) suppresses the noise level in the OR and improves the communication of the OR-staff. This study investigates whether SOTOS has a positive impact on the OR-staff’s perceived stress, exhaustion, activity and concentration.    http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjinnov-2019-000413

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-020-01135 Manuscript number: JORS-D-20-00102R1 To reduce noise pollution and consequently stress during robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP) the aim of our study was to evaluate the silent operation theatre optimisation system (SOTOS) in its effectiveness. In the operating room (OR) the noise level is between 80 and 85 decibel (dB). Noise corresponds to a major stress factor for surgical teams and especially surgeons. The use of the da Vinci surgical system entails an additional aspect of noise in the OR. The SOTOS surgical team used wired or wireless headphone/microphone combinations to communicate. We measured sound pressure levels in two different locations in the OR and the heart rate of every surgical team member as an indicator of the stress level. We further captured subjective acceptance of SOTOS as well as perioperative data such as surgical time. We prospectively randomised 32 RALP patients into two study arms. Sixteen surgeries were performed using SOTOS and 16 without (con- trol). Overall, the mean sound pressure level in the SOTOS group was 3.6 dB lower compared to the control ( p  < 0.001). The highest sound pressure level measured was 96 dB in the control group. Mean heart rates were 81.3 beats/min for surgeons and 90.8 beats/min for circulating nurses. SOTOS had no statistically significant effect on mean heart rates of the operating team. Subjective acceptance of SOTO was high. Our prospective evaluation of SOTOS in RALP could show a significant noise reduction in the OR and a high acceptance by the surgical stuff. Keywords:  SOTOS ©  · Noise pollution · Da vinci · Prostatectomy · Robotic surgery · Robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) · Health risk

A social network is made up of nodes and ties (Wasserman and Faust, 1994). The nodes can be individuals, teams, or organizations, while ties represent interper - sonal or interorganizational relationships, like trust, friendships, and investments. Among various scientific research questions related to social network dynamics, one of the most crucial is how people build, maintain, or change ties between them. There exist numerous works in the literature to answer this question. For example, Katz et al. (2004) listed in their review the following five schools of theories that attempt to answer that question: theories of self-interest, theories of social exchange or dependency, theories of mutual or collective interest, cognitive theories, and the - ories of homophily. The cognitive theories that we focus on in this chapter discuss how people’s cognitions of certain relationships, other people, objects, or processes influence their relationship building. By asking how much knowledge sharing is enough for building interdisciplinary collaborations (ICs), the goal of this chapter is to identify the cognitive-based reasons for people from various disciplines to share enough information to build their collaboration ties.

As scientists increasingly reach across disciplinary divides, the success of collaborations can hinge on how they choose to exchange knowledge. Our analysis suggests that their approach should be based on an understanding of the way that different teams initiate research and the subjects they choose to cover. We offer some practical tips for researchers to improve the effectiveness of their interdisciplinary collaborations.