Geänderte Inhalte

Alle kürzlich geänderten Inhalte in zeitlich absteigender Reihenfolge
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  • Semmelhack, Esther
  • Nyenhuis abwesend bis einschließlich 19.03.
  • Not within spitting distance: salivary immunoassays of estradiol have subpar validity for cycle phase

    Salivary steroid immunoassays are widely used in psychoneuroendocrinology to investigate the psychological effects of menstrual cycle phase. Though manufacturers advertise their assays as suitable, they have not been rigorously validated for this purpose. We collated data from eight studies across more than 1,200 women and more than 9,500 time points. All studies measured estradiol and progesterone and had at least one independent indicator of cycle phase (day in cycle relative to the luteinising hormone surge or a menstrual onset). Seven studies collected saliva; one study collected serum. In serum, all non-steroid cycle phase measures strongly predicted steroids in the expected manner. By contrast, salivary immunoassays of estradiol were only weakly predictable from cycle phase and showed an upward bias compared to expectations from serum. For salivary immunoassays of progesterone, predictability from cycle phase was more mixed, but two widely used assays performed poorly. Imputing average serum steroid levels from cycle phase may yield more valid values than several widely used salivary immunoassays. Tandem mass spectrometry may provide a valid alternative to widely used immunoassays and could be combined with imputation.

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  • Academic_CV.pdf
  • Kalinowski, Judith
  • Herms, Ulrike
  • Maskenpflicht gilt bis Ostern
  • Neue Praktikantin ab dem 27.02.
  • Curriculum Vitae
  • Umzug vom GEMI in den Container Anfang März
  • Nyenhuis abwesend am 24.02.2023/ Klich & Fernandez Castelao abwesend am 23.02.
  • Stellenausschreibung CARE 17,9h/Woche TVL-14
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  • Towards meaningful comparisons of personality in large-scale cross-cultural studies

    One of Jüri Allik’s major, pioneering contributions to psychology is the assessment of personality across numerous cultures. His contributions have inspired many other large collaborations of international researchers to move beyond early work confirming the Five Factor Model cross-culturally to assessing the reliability and validity of a broad range of personality traits. Cross-cultural comparisons of personality traits may be problematic if measures have unique meanings in different cultural contexts that influence how individuals respond to items. In this chapter we present a new and relatively simple method for assessing the comparability of measures in large-scale cross-cultural studies, and illustrate the method using responses to the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) from 15,368 participants in 63 countries participating in the International Situations Project.

  • Who in the world is trying to change their personality traits? Volitional personality change among college students in 56 countries

    Recent research conducted largely in the US suggests that most people would like to change one or more of their personality traits. Yet almost no research has investigated the degree to which and in what ways volitional personality change (VPC), or individuals’ active efforts towards personality change, might be common around the world. Through a custom-built website, 13,278 college student participants from 56 countries using 42 different languages reported whether they were currently trying to change their personality and, if so, what they were trying to change. Around the world, 60.40% of participants reported that they are currently trying to change their personalities, with the highest percentage in Thailand (81.91%) and the lowest in Kenya (21.41%). Among those who provide open-ended responses to the aspect of personality they are trying to change, the most common goals were to increase emotional stability (29.73%), conscientiousness (19.71%), extraversion (15.94%), and agreeableness (13.53%). In line with previous research, students who are trying to change any personality trait tend to have relatively low levels of emotional stability and happiness. Moreover, those with relatively low levels of socially desirable traits reported attempting to increase what they lacked. These principal findings were generalizable around the world.

  • Situational experience around the world: A replication and extension in 62 countries

    Objective The current study seeks to replicate and extend principal findings reported in The World at 7:00 (Guillaume et al., 2016), a project that examined the psychological experience of situations in 20 countries. Method Data were collected from participants in 62 countries (N= 15,318), recruited from universities by local collaborators to complete the study via a custom-built website using 42 languages. Results Several findings of the previous study were replicated. The average reported situational experience around the world was mildly positive. The same countries tended to be most alike in reported situational experience (r = .60) across the two studies, among the countries included in both. As in the previous study, the homogeneity of reported situational experience was significantly greater within than between countries, although the difference was small. The previously reported exploratory finding that negative aspects of situations varied more across countries than positive aspects did not replicate. Correlations between aspects of reported situational experience and country-level average value scores, personality, and demographic variables were largely similar between the two studies. Conclusion The findings underscore the importance of cross-cultural situational research and the need to replicate its results, and highlight the complex interplay of culture and situational experience.

  • Happiness around the world: A combined etic-emic approach across 63 countries

    What does it mean to be happy? The vast majority of cross-cultural studies on happiness have employed a Western-origin, or “WEIRD” measure of happiness that conceptualizes it as a self-centered (or “independent”), high-arousal emotion. However, research from Eastern cultures, particularly Japan, conceptualizes happiness as including an interpersonal aspect emphasizing harmony and connectedness to others. Following a combined emic-etic approach (Cheung, van de Vijver & Leong, 2011), we assessed the cross-cultural applicability of a measure of independent happiness developed in the US (Subjective Happiness Scale; Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) and a measure of interdependent happiness developed in Japan (Interdependent Happiness Scale; Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015), with data from 63 countries representing 7 sociocultural regions. Results indicate that the schema of independent happiness was more coherent in more WEIRD countries. In contrast, the coherence of interdependent happiness was unrelated to a country’s “WEIRD-ness.” Reliabilities of both happiness measures were lowest in African and Middle Eastern countries, suggesting these two conceptualizations of happiness may not be globally comprehensive. Overall, while the two measures had many similar correlates and properties, the self-focused concept of independent happiness is “WEIRD-er” than interdependent happiness, suggesting cross-cultural researchers should attend to both conceptualizations.